Lab+3+Chemistry


 * Chemical Reactions**

Aluminum AMU: 26.98153 Protons in Aluminum: 13 Copper AMU: 63.546 Copper Protons:29 Nitrogen AMU: 14.00674 Nitrogen Protons: 7 Chlorine AMU: 35.4527 Chlorine Protons: 17 Oxygen AMU: 15.9994 Oxygen Protons: 8

AMU Na: 22.9897 AMU Cl: 35.4527 AMU NaCl: 58.4424 For .5M NaCl, add 1/2 mole of salt or 11.4948g to 1L of water For .1M NaCl, add 1/10 mole of salt or 2.2989g to 1L of water

AMU Cu(NO3)2: Cu: 63.546 N: 14.0067 X 2=28.0134 O: 15.9994 X 6=95.9964 Total: 187.55

For .2M Cu(NO3)2, use 37.51g in 1L of water

H: 1.00 Cl: 35.45 Total: 36.45 For 1M HCl, use 36.45g in 1L of water
 * Grams needed for 1M HCl**

Na:22.99 O:16.00 H:1.00 NaOH:39.99 For 1M of NaOH, use 39.99g in 1L of water
 * Grams needed for 1M NaOH**

A easy way to access and use a molecular weight calculator is located at []

2H + O =>H20 2 hydrogens an 1 oxygen on each side 1 mole of Na reacts with 1 mole of Cl Two moles of hydrogen react with 1 mole of oxygen
 * Balancing Equations**
 * How many hydrogen and oxygen are there on each side?**
 * How many Moles of Na (sodium) reacts with how many Moles of Cl?**
 * How many Moles of hydrogen react with how many Moles of oxygen?**

-Chemicals: 0.2 M Cu(NO3)2 1 M NaOH 1 M HCl -50mL Tubes -Bulb Pipette -LCD Thermocouple -Tin Foil - Water in beaker @ 40oC
 * Experiment**
 * Materials:**

1. Add 60 drops/3mL of Cu(NO3)2 to the test tube 2. Add 24 drops of NaOH to the test tube 3. Mix. Should see cloudy blue precipitate 4. Place the test tube in 40oC water bath Balanced equation for first chemical reaction above: Cu(NO3)2 + 2NaOH -> Cu(OH)2 + 2NaNO3
 * Methods:**

Questions:

a) Which of the two products is the blue precipitate? How do you know? b) Compare the number of each type of atom on the left and right sides of the equation What do you observe? Cu(NO3)2 + 2NaOH -> Cu(OH)2 + 2NaNO3 on left ||  || # atoms on right ||   || c) What is a Mole? What are the molar ratios of the reactants and products in above reaction?
 * Copper hydroxide or Cu(OH)2. I know this because Cu(OH)2 is insoluble in H2O, but soluble in acid**
 * So Cu(OH)2 precipitates, and the solution gets cloudy.**
 * # atoms
 * 1 || Cu || 1 || Cu ||
 * 2 || N || 2 || N ||
 * 8 || O || 8 || O ||
 * 2 || Na || 2 || Na ||
 * 2 || H || 2 || H ||
 * A mole is 6.022x 10*23**
 * # moles ||  || #moles ||   ||
 * 1 || Cu(NO3)2 || 1 || Cu(OH)2 ||
 * 2 || NaOH || 2 || NaNO3 ||

The solution has gotten more darker to almost a purplish black
 * After 20 Mins:**

Cu(OH)2--> CuO+H2O Left: Cu:1 Right: Cu:1 O: 2 O: 2 H: 2 H: 2
 * Count the number of each atom on the left and right sides of the equation.**
 * Set the balanced reaction up in a table like above.**
 * Is the equation balanced?** Yes
 * What color is CuO?** Purple

Precipitate gets much clearly than it was Clear light blue CuO + HCl --> CuCl2 + H2O Left: Cu:1 Right: Cu: 1 O:1 O:1 H:1 H:1 Cl:1 Cl:2 CuO + 2HCl->CuCl2 + H2O
 * Add 27 drops of 1M HCl**
 * What happens to the precipitate?**
 * What color do you observe?**
 * The equation for the chemical reaction that occured is:**
 * Count the number of each atom on the left and right sides of the equation.**
 * Set the balanced reaction up in a table like above.**
 * The reaction is?**
 * atoms # atoms**
 * Is the equation balanced?** NO
 * If not, try to balance it.**

CuCl2 +Al->AlCl3 + 3Cu The solution gets muddier, while the aluminum broke apart into small red particles and floated to the bottom of the test tube
 * Add a small 1x1" piece of aluminum foil to the tube.**
 * The small piece of aluminum foil breaks apart into smaller pieces throughout the solution**
 * The Reaction that occurs is:**
 * Note that copper metal is reddish in color. What color is the new compound formed?**

Left: Cu:1 Right: Cu:1 Cl:2 Cl:3 Al: 1 Al:1 3CuCl2 + 2Al--> 2AlCl3 + 3Cu
 * Count the number of each atom on the left and right sides of the equation.**
 * Set the balanced reaction up in a table like above.**
 * The reaction is?**
 * atoms # atoms**
 * Is this equation balance?** No
 * If not, try to balance it.**

First off, when I mixed Cu(NO3)2 and NaOH, a darker more cloudier blue solution was formed. Then after I placed the solution in the 40oC water bath the two chemicals began to react again and the solution turned to a muddy purplish black. When HCl was added to the solution, the solution began to become a clear light blue solution. Lastly, when I added aluminum foil to the solution it was broken down into smaller particles and floated to the bottom of the test tube.
 * Do you observe bubbles? If you do, it is hydrogen gas produced by a different reaction**
 * that occurs when HCl is left over from the reaction in step 8.**
 * It would mean that you added too much HCl.**
 * This reaction is 2Al + 6HCl> 2AlCl3 + 3H2**
 * In your wiki write a discussion of what you seen.**

The first reaction was a precipitation reaction when the two soluable compounds mixed together to form a new precipitate solution. When I added HCl, an acid-base reaction occured as the hydrogen in HCl reacted with the hydroxide in NaOH to form a brand new precipatate solution. At last, when the aluminum foil was added a reaction took place between the last remaining hydrogen ions and was broken apart in a redox action. I believe this redox reaction took place because the solid aluminum took the electrons of the remaining hydrogen ions.
 * What kind of reactions (refer to the lecture on chemical reactions) occured?**